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Quantum number that defines spin and angular momentum In atomic physics, a spin quantum number is a quantum number (denoted as ms) that describes the characteristic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of an electron or other particle. The expression was originally used to describe a fourth set of quantum numbers (principal quantum number n, azimuthal quantum number l, magnetic quantum number m and spin quantum number ms) that fully describe the quantum state of an electron in an atom. The name derives from the physical rotation of the electron around an axis proposed by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmith. The ms value is the angular momentum component parallel to the given direction (z-axis), which can be +12 or -12 (in units of the reduced Planck constant). However, it quickly became clear that this simplified picture was physically impossible since the electrons would have to be spinning faster than the speed of light.1 It was therefore replaced by a more abstract quantum mechanical description. This description technically involves two spin quantum numbers, ms and s, where s is related to the spin size of the electron. However, the electron s is always +12, so there is no need to include its value in the set of quantum numbers that describe the state of each electron in the atom. At the elementary level, ms is described as the spin quantum number 23 and s is not mentioned since its value of 12 is a fixed property of the electron. At a higher level, where quantum mechanical operators are introduced, s is called the spin quantum number and ms the magnetic spin quantum number4 or the z-component of the spin sz5. Key points Quantum numbers provide complete information about an electron in an atom, ie about the energy, position, size, shape and orientation and direction of rotation of that orbital. The direction of the cut is characterized by the spin quantum number. An electron in an atom not only moves around the nucleus but also rotates around its axis. This number gives information about the direction of rotation of an electron in any orbit. Angular momentum is a property like rest mass and charge. The value of the electron spin quantum number cannot be changed. The cut can be made in the orientation 2s+1=2. Each type of subatomic particle has fixed spin quantum numbers like 0.12, 1, 32 etc. The spin value of electron, proton, neutron is 12. Particles whose spin value is half an integer (12, 32...) are called fermions. Particles whose spin value is an integer (0,1,2...) are called bosons. The Magnetic Nature of Atoms and Molecules The spin quantum number helps explain the magnetic properties of atoms and molecules. The rotating electron behaves like a micro magnet with a specific magnetic moment. When an atomic or molecular orbital contains two electrons, their magnetic moments counteract and compensate each other. I fellQuantum number parametrizing rotation and angular momentum In atomic physics, a rotational quantum number is a quantum number (denoted in ms) that describes the internal angular momentum (or rotational angular momentum, or simply rotation) of an electron or other particle. The expression was originally used to describe the fourth of a series of quantum numbers (principal quantum number n, azimuthal quantum number l, magnetic quantum number m, and spin quantum number ms) that completely describe the quantum state of an electron in an atom. The name derives from the physical rotation of the electron about an axis, as suggested by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit. The value ms is the angular momentum component of the spin parallel to the given direction (z-axis), which can be +12 or -12 (in reduced Planck constant units). However, this simplistic picture quickly turned out to be physically impossible, as the electrons would have to spin faster than the speed of light.1 It was therefore replaced by a more abstract quantum mechanical description. This description technically involves two spin quantum numbers, ms and s, where s is related to the spin magnitude of the electron. However, s is always +12 for an electron, so there is no need to include its value in the set of quantum numbers that describe the state of each electron in the atom. At an elementary level, ms is described as the spin quantum number 23 and is not mentioned because its value of 12 is a fixed electron property. At a higher level, where quantum mechanical operators are introduced, s is called the spin quantum number and ms the magnetic spin quantum number4 or spin z component 5. Key Points Quantum numbers give complete information about an electron in an atom, i.e. H. the energy, position, size, shape and orientation and direction of spin of this orbital. The direction of rotation is characterized by the spin quantum number. An electron in an atom not only moves around the nucleus, but also rotates on its axis. This number gives information about the direction of rotation of the electron in any orbital. Angular momentum is an intrinsic property, like rest mass and charge. The magnitude of the electron spin quantum number cannot be changed. The rotation can be in the orientation 2s+1=2. Each type of subatomic particle has fixed spin quantum numbers such as 0.12, 1, 32,...etc. The spin value of electron, proton, neutron is 12. Particles with half the integer value (12, 32 ...) of spin are called fermions. Particles with an integer spin value (0,1,2..) are called bosons. The Magnetic Nature of Atoms and Molecules The spin quantum number helps explain the magnetic properties of atoms and molecules. The rotating electron behaves like a micro magnet with a certain magnetic moment. When an atomic or molecular orbital contains two electrons, their magnetic moments oppose and cancel each other out. I am falling

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