Reproductive System

The biological system of the organ and its functionality is meant for bearing offspring is called reproductive system. All living organisms have their own reproductive system. Some of the creatures reproduced from eggs, Some other through sex and some other reproduced through cell division. Humans reproduce through the mixture of sperm of male and ovum of female. Such a mixture is called gamet after around 39 months the formation of which, a woman gives birth to her baby.
A. Female reproductive Organs and Their Functions.
Females are born with a large number of potential ova (female sex cells, also called egg cells). However, it isn’t until after the onset of puberty, typically around age 12, that these cells are mature enough to sustain life. The cells ripen on a regular basis, but only one is released each month until a woman reaches menopause. Menopause commonly begins between the ages of 45 and 55.
There are internal and external reproductive organs that are important for reproduction. The female reproductive organs and their functions are as follows:
Ovaries: A woman normally has a pair of ovaries that resemble almonds in size and shape. They are home to the female sex cells, called eggs, and they also produce estrogen, the female sex hormone. Women’s ovaries already contain several hundred thousand undeveloped eggs at birth, but the eggs are not called into action until puberty. Roughly once a month, starting at puberty and lasting until menopause, the ovaries release an egg into the fallopian tubes; this is called ovulation. When fertilization does not occur, the egg leaves the body as part of the menstrual cycle.
Fallopian tubes: The narrow tube which opens from the upper part of uterus at both sides and connects it with ovary is called fallopian tube. The ovaries connect to the uterus via the fallopian tubes. Main function of fallopian tube is to receive ovum (egg) from the ovary and passing to uterus. Fertilization usually happens within the fallopian tubes. Then, the fertilized egg makes its way down to the uterus.
Uterus: It is a hollow pear shaped organ which is connected with vagina. It is located among the urethra, pelvic cavity and anus. It is generally 7 cm long, 4 cm wide, 2.5 cm thick and 40-50 gm heavy in average. The uterus is located in the pelvis of a woman’s body and is made up of smooth muscle tissue. Commonly referred to as the womb, the uterus is hollow and holds the fetus during pregnancy. Each month, the uterus develops a lining that is rich in nutrients. The reproductive purpose of this lining is to provide nourishment for a developing fetus. Since eggs aren’t usually fertilized, the lining usually leaves the body as menstrual blood during a woman’s monthly period. The main functions of uterus are-

Fetus develops in this organ
It provides nourishment plus protection and does waste removal from embryo and foetus.
It pushes out baby by contraction during delivery of baby.
It regulates menstrual cycle.

Cervix: The lower part of the uterus, which connects to the vagina, is known as the cervix. Often called the neck or entrance to the womb, the cervix lets menstrual blood out and semen into the uterus. The cervix remains closed during pregnancy but can expand dramatically during childbirth.
Vagina: It is a hollow muscular tube of 15 to 25 cm length which goes from cervical opening to vulva. The vagina has both internal and external parts and connects the uterus to the outside of the body. Made up of muscle and skin, the vagina is a long hollow tube that is sometimes called the “birth canal” because, if you are pregnant, the vagina is the pathway the baby will take when it’s ready to be born. The vagina also allows menstrual blood to leave a woman's body during reproduction and is where the penis deposits semen during sexual intercourse.
The vagina serves three purposes:

It's where the penis is inserted during sexual intercourse.
It's the pathway (the birth canal) through which a baby leaves a woman's body during childbirth.
It's the route through which menstrual blood leaves the body during periods.

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