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Additional information about Somalia can be found on the Somalia website, as well as other State Department publications and other sources listed at the end of this booklet. AMERICAN-SOMALIA RELATIONS The United States established diplomatic relations with Somalia in 1960, after parts of Somalia gained independence from British and Italian administrations. The 1969 coup replaced Somalias elected government with a military government, reflecting ideological and economic dependence on the Soviet Union. After the war with Ethiopia in the 1970s, Somalia began to turn to the West, including the United States, for international support, military equipment, and economic assistance. The outbreak of civil war in the 1980s led to the collapse of the Somali central government in 1991. After that, various Somali groups, sometimes supported by external forces, sought to control the national territory (or part of it) and fought among themselves. . Although the United States has never formally severed diplomatic relations with Somalia, the US embassy in Somalia was closed between 1991 and 2018. Many mediation and reconciliation efforts have been made over the years, and in 2004 a transitional government was established. In 2012, Somalia completed its political transition through limited indirect elections for a new federal parliament and president. With the adoption of an interim constitution, the United States formally recognized the new Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) on January 17, 2013. In February 2017, the FGS completed its first national electoral process since the 2012 transition period by electing a new federal new president, President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed. Parliamentary and presidential elections due to end in 2021 are ongoing but have been repeatedly postponed due to disagreements over the implementation of the process and a series of political crises. The goals of US foreign policy in Somalia are to promote political and economic stability, prevent Somalia from being used as a safe haven for international terrorism, and alleviate the humanitarian crisis caused by years of conflict, drought, floods, and mismanagement. The United States is committed to helping the Somali government strengthen democratic institutions, enhance stability and security, and provide services to the people of Somalia. Since 2013, the CSF has made progress in building state institutions, building relationships with regional authorities, and promoting societal stability. The United States supports the FGS state-building program to complete the federal state, complete the revision of the interim constitution and hold a constitutional referendum, prepare for democratic elections, promote reconciliation, and strengthen flexible and representative government institutions. The United States recognizes the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia within its 1960 borders in accordance with Somalia.More information about Somalia can be found on the Somalia website and in other State Department publications and other resources listed at the end of this booklet. US-Somali RELATIONS The United States established diplomatic relations with Somalia in 1960 after parts of Somalia gained independence from British and Italian administration. A coup in 1969 replaced the elected Somali government with a military government that reflected ideological and economic dependence on the Soviet Union. After a war with Ethiopia in the 1970s, Somalia began to turn to the West, including the United States, for international support, military equipment, and economic aid. The outbreak of civil war in the 1980s led to the collapse of Somalias central government in 1991. After that, different groups of Somali factions, sometimes supported by outside forces, tried to control territory (or parts of it) in the country and fought among themselves. . Although the United States never officially severed diplomatic relations with Somalia, the US embassy in Somalia was closed between 1991 and 2018. During these years, many attempts at mediation and reconciliation were made, and in 2004 a transitional government was installed. In 2012, Somalia completed the work. its political transition through limited indirect elections to a new federal parliament and president. With the adoption of the Interim Constitution on January 17, 2013, the United States formally recognized the new Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). In February 2017, the FGS completed its first national electoral process since the 2012 transition by electing a new federal parliament. and the new president - President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed. Parliamentary and presidential elections are underway, scheduled for 2021, but have been repeatedly postponed due to disputes over the implementation of the process and several political crises. The goals of U.S. foreign policy in Somalia are to promote political and economic stability, prevent Somalia from being used as a safe haven for international terrorism, and alleviate the humanitarian crisis caused by years of conflict, drought, flooding, and poor governance. The United States is committed to assisting the Government of Somalia in strengthening democratic institutions, improving stability and security, and providing services to the Somali people. Since 2013, FGS has been successfully building government institutions, negotiating with regional authorities and supporting community stabilization. The United States supports the FGS nation-building program to complete the creation of a federal state, complete the revision of the interim constitution and hold a constitutional referendum, prepare for democratic elections, promote reconciliation, and strengthen responsive and representative government institutions. The United States recognizes the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia within its 1960 borders in accordance with Somalia

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