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Congenital heart disease is a general term for various birth defects that affect the normal functioning of the heart. The term congenital means that this condition is present from birth. Congenital heart disease is one of the most common types of birth defects, affecting nearly 1 in 100 babies born in the UK. In most cases, no obvious cause of congenital heart disease is identified. However, certain things are known to increase the risk of the disease, including: Down syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects a childs normal physical development and causes learning difficulties; the mother has certain infections during pregnancy, such as rubella; the mother is taking certain types of medication. during pregnancy, including statins and some acne medications the mother smokes or drinks alcohol during pregnancy; mother with poorly controlled type 1 or type 2 diabetes, other chromosomal defects in which genes can be changed from normal and can be inherited (passed on in families) Learn more about the causes of congenital heart defects and how to prevent congenital heart defects Heart Defects Heart Defects In many cases, congenital heart defects are diagnosed before the baby is born during an ultrasound scan during pregnancy. However, it is not always possible to detect congenital heart defects in this way. Congenital heart disease can have a number of symptoms, especially in infants and children, including: fast heartbeat, rapid breathing in the legs, abdomen, or around the eyes, extreme tiredness and fatigue, blue skin or lips (cyanosis), fatigue, and rapid breathing when eating baby These problems sometimes show up soon after birth, although mild defects can cause problems later in life. Learn more about the symptoms of congenital heart disease and the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. There are many types of congenital heart defects, and sometimes they occur in combination. Some of the more common defects are: Septal defects - where there is a hole between the 2 chambers of the heart (commonly known as a hole in the heart) Coarctation of the aorta - where the large artery of the main organ called the aorta is narrower than normal Pulmonary valve stenosis, when the pulmonic valve, controlling blood flow from the right lower ventricle of the heart to the lungs, narrower than normal or into the lungs. Learn more about the types of congenital heart defects. Treatment for a congenital heart defect usually depends on the defect you or your child has. Mild defects, such as holes in the heart, often do not require treatment because they can go away on their own and cause no further problems. If the defect is significant and causing problems, surgical or interventional procedures are usually needed.Congenital heart defects are a general term for a number of congenital defects that affect the normal functioning of the heart. The term congenital means that the disease is present from birth. Congenital heart defects affect almost 1 in 100 babies born in the UK. In most cases, no obvious cause of congenital heart disease is identified. However, several factors are known to increase the risk of the disease, including: Down syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects a babys normal physical development and causes learning disabilities during pregnancy, including statins and some acne medications; maternal smoking or drinking during pregnancy; the mother has poorly controlled type 1 or type 2 diabetes; other chromosomal defects where the genes are different from normal and can be inherited (passed down through inheritance) Learn about the causes of congenital heart defects and how to prevent congenital heart defects. Many cases of congenital heart defects are diagnosed before birth during ultrasound during pregnancy. However, it is not always possible to detect congenital heart defects in this way. Congenital heart defects can have a number of symptoms, especially in infants and children, including: fast heartbeat; rapid breathing; Nutrition These problems sometimes become apparent soon after birth, although minor defects can cause problems later in life. Learn more about the symptoms of congenital heart defects and the diagnosis of congenital heart defects. There are many types of congenital heart defects and sometimes they occur in combination. Some of the more common malformations include: Septal defects – where there is an opening between the two chambers of the heart (commonly referred to as a hole in the heart) Coarctation of the aorta – where the large main artery of the body, called the aorta, is narrower than normal Pulmonary valve stenosis – where the pulmonary valve, controls the flow of blood from the lower right ventricle to the lungs, narrower than normal, transposition of the great arteries - where the pulmonary and aortic valves and the arteries they connect to have changed places; underdeveloped heart, in which part of the heart does not develop properly, making it difficult to pump enough blood to the body or lungs. Read more about types of congenital heart defects. Treatment for a congenital heart defect usually depends on which defect you or your child has. Mild deformities, such as holes in the heart, often do not need treatment as they will go away on their own and may not cause any further problems. Surgical or interventional procedures are usually necessary when the defect is significant and causing problems.

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