History of AI -
Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952)
Year 1943: The first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter pits in 1943. They proposed a model of artificial neurons.
Year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the connection strength between neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning.
Year 1950: The Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and pioneered Machine learning in 1950. Alan Turing proposed the Turing Test, which can check the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence.
The birth of Artificial Intelligence (1952-1956)
Year 1955: An Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the "first artificial intelligence program" which was named as "Logic Theorist". This program had proved 38 of 52 Mathematics theorems, and find new and more elegant proofs for some theorems.
Year 1956: The word "Artificial Intelligence" first adopted by American Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. For the first time, AI coined as an academic field.
The golden years-Early enthusiasm (1956-1974)
Year 1966: The researchers emphasized developing algorithms which can solve mathematical problems. Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot in 1966, which was named as ELIZA.
Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1.
The first AI winter (1974-1980)
AI winter refers to the time period where computer scientist dealt with a severe shortage of funding from government for AI researches.
A boom of AI (1980-1987)
Year 1980: After AI winter duration, AI came back with "Expert System". Expert systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert.
The second AI winter (1987-1993)
Again Investors and government stopped in funding for AI research as due to high cost but not efficient result. The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective.
The emergence of intelligent agents (1993-2011)
Year 1997: In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, and became the first computer to beat a world chess champion.
Year 2002: for the first time, AI entered the home in the form of Roomba, a vacuum cleaner.
Year 2006: AI came in the Business world till the year 2006. Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI.

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