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There was no general theory, despite many efforts to define this term as a theoretical structure (but see Yinger, 1960; 1977). Many studies have been documented a wide range of subcultures. On the basis of illustrations and analogy resulting from these studies, several principles of subcultural formation were identified. The first rule is that culture is adaptive (see Sills, ed., Records under Culture). This means that the subcultures are also adaptive; And as in the case of social life, subcultures change into response to changing technologies and fashionable, ecological, political and economic (see disgust). The second basic principle is that social separation produces cultural differentiation (Glaser, p. 90). Groups or categories of people who are socially separated from each other inevitably encounter various life problems; That is why there are also different different solutions to these problems. However, social separation is not enough to explain subcultural adaptations. Albert Cohen, theorizing the criminal subculture, claimed that the basic condition for the appearance of new cultural forms is the existence of many entities with similar problems adapting to mutual interaction (p. 59). . Of course, similar adaptation problems may apply to quite conventional people whose special interests require communication and interaction with others who have the same interests (e.g. collecting stamps). Cohen, however, considered this condition particularly suitable for subcultures related to blind criminal behavior, such as vandalism and general evolution of hell. Cohen said that this type of behavior is most common in boys from the working class, assumed that this type of criminal subculture was created in response to problems with the status experienced by workers class boys in class institutions such as schools. Many workers boys are not prepared for thisEducational requirements or discipline of formal education. As a result, they have poor performance and are adequately evaluated in terms of middle -class measuring rods, which you can find at primary and secondary schools. Girls from the working class, who are subject to closer family checks and are assessed according to the traditional expectations of women, experience less pressure in such an environment. For some Cohen working class boys, he claimed that the solution to status problems was to reject the effectiveness of the effectiveness and the position of the middle class institutions - in fact a reduction in middle -class values upside down. Cohens theory did not attempt to explain the behavior of individual perpetrators or the behavior of all boys from the working class. Most of them do not engage in serious crime or criminal behavior. For most young people, for example, alternative adaptations, such as irrelevant, but essentially undefined corner boys or college described in the classic work William Footela Whyte, Street Corner Society (1943). The processes involved in alternative behavioral adaptations are not fully understood. There is enough evidence that boys and girls from working and lower class are devalued and marginalized in the institutional context of the middle class, despite the often well -intentioned efforts of schools and other institutions. The institutions also develop subcultural adaptations in dealing with young people. Some of them are counterproductive, in fact increase the behavior that is designed to be controlled (see Devine). Marginalization of criminals and criminals is even greater than those who are devalued on the basis of their social status. This is especially true for persistent perpetrators and criminals, and those who commit serious crimes, unlike those who rarely violate the law with small consequences. When marginality strengthens by labeling, stigmatization, orTreatment in schools and labor market increases adaptation problems. The usual environmental placement of many offenders in large cities and their meetings in schools provides the environment for effective interactions. These principles are theoretically and empirically converge in recent scientific work. Based on a broad study, William Julie Wilson convincingly says that in the 1960s and 1970s, a permanent subclass appeared in the United States - truly disadvantageous. The effects of social isolation and concentration are particularly obvious to the poor ghetto, which is African -Mericans. Both increased unprecedented well, as the largest in society, deepened problems in each institutional sector and left several social ailments, including poverty, drug use, crime and crime. While criminal and offenders subcultures have a long history in industrialized societies (Cressy; Schwendinger and Schwendinger), it is still changing in response to changing social and economic circumstances. Among these subcultures, the appearance of the new subcultures was very influential. Koleman and colleagues follow this development in the events that took place in the United States after World War II: Baby Boom and grows well, which together created a huge youth market; expansion of youth formal education; Inhibition of young people in the labor market; Increased number of women who start employment, which further distinguishes mothers from children in households and neighborhoods; increased adult employment in large organizations where young people were not; And to expand the media, focusing on the youth market, satisfying and creating their fashion. Each of these extensive social changes has increased significantly by the end of the twentieth century. So young people from the lowest class are socially isolated from the majority society

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