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by Craig Shrives Than and then are easy to confuse, especially if youre an English learner. Than is used to introduce a comparison. For example: She was smarter than you. (Than is used with a comparison.) Then relates to time. For example: I was fitter then. (Here, then relates to a past time.) Run to the lake then jump in. (Here, then relates to a future time.) Then means in that case. For example: If youre not happy, then leave. (Here, then means in that case.) Then and than are common words, and your readers will expect you to use the right one. Than introduces a comparison. It is most often seen with comparatives and words like more, less, and fewer. Craig is smarter than Paul. (Smarter is a comparative.) Money is better than poverty, if only for financial reasons. (Actor Woody Allen) (Better is a comparative.) Russia is even more spacious than Canada. (More spacious is a comparative.) I have less space than you, but I also have fewer workers than you. Then usually relates to time. It is most commonly used as an adverb. Then has three meanings: (1) Subsequently or afterwards Go to the traffic lights, then turn right. It went dark, then there was a scream. The council members argued for three days then eventually came to a decision. (2) As a consequence or in that case. If you had cleaned your teeth properly, then you wouldnt be in this predicament. Youre certain then? If thats how you feel, let it go then. (3) At that time or that time. I was much fitter back then. She used to holiday in Sri Lanka as it was then known. The schedule will be completed before then. It was the responsibility of the then team captain to account for the trophies in the cabinet. (In this example, then is an adjective.) Non-native English speakers are particularly prone to confusing than and then. A native English speaker confusing these words constitutes a grammatical howler. Comparisons Involving Time Comparisons involving time tend to attract this error. Remember to use than for comparisons, including those involving time. Winter is later then autumn. Winter is later than autumn. Find Us Quicker! When using a search engine (e.g., Google, Bing), you will find Grammar Monster quicker if you add #gm to your search term. Next lesson > Ask the Editor Question If you are comparing time should you say she lasted longer then I did or she lasted longer than I did? — Tiffany , United States Answer For comparisons use than: She lasted longer than I did.The word then means at that time and is used to talk about when things will happen. The word than is used to compare things. Below are some examples of each:I ate breakfast and then I went to work.The party is at 7--Ill see you then!Turn left at the light and then turn right on the next street.If you went to the party then you probably met my friend.Im taller than my sister.She is older than 35.His personality is larger than life.Other than the two of us, no one showed up for class. It may help to remember that then and when are related words that both talk about time.When did you do it? I did it then. I hope this helps. You can read more articles in the archive. Two acquaintances who share many of the same features may be difficult to distinguish from one another. How can you tell them apart? One way is to get to know them better. Even identical twins have unique characteristics in their physical appearance and personality. A lot of people make errors with the nearly identical thanthen pair, but you dont have to be one of them. Just use the same strategy you use to tell one person from another—get to know them!Heres a tip: Want to make sure your writing shines? Grammarly can check your spelling and save you from grammar and punctuation mistakes. It even proofreads your text, so your work is extra polished wherever you write. Grammarly helps you communicate confidently When to use thanA conjunction is a word that connects two clauses or coordinates words in the same clause. Than is a conjunction used to introduce the second part of an unequal comparison. It also introduces the rejected choice in expressions of preference. Finally, than can mean except or when. Amanda is shorter than Annabelle. She would rather not go than wear high heels. Than can also function as a preposition. A preposition connects a noun or pronoun to a verb or adjective in a sentence, usually to express a spatial or temporal relationship. As a preposition, than means in relation to or by comparison with. Heres a (technically correct) construction you may not have seen before: than whom there is none more caring. Than appears in a lot of idioms. Many of them, such as more fun than a barrel of monkeys or more dead than alive, feature comparisons. Youve probably heard some of the most popular ones (e.g., easier said than done, better late than never) but many may be new to you. For example, have you heard of more sinned against than sinning? Wouldnt it be a fun project to find out how these colorful expressions started?When to use thenThen often functions as an adverb. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Dictionaries define then lots of different ways: in that case, at that time, next in order of place or time, at the same time, soon afterward, in addition, or as a consequence. Standing next to Edwin is Ethan, then my roommate Claire, then me. Edwin told me, If we are having fun together, then you should take lots of photographs. There were no digital cameras back then! Sometimes, then is an adjective or a noun. As an adjective, or describing word, it means being such, existing, or being at the time indicated. As a noun, it means that time. My then roommate Claire moved out and I have not seen her since then. Then appears in some idioms too. One means on the other hand: Edwin is funny, but then I laugh at everything. Another idiom means at that exact time and place, or at once: Ethan asked me if I wanted to take a road trip, and I went home to pack my suitcase right then and there.Then and than have many similar characteristics. They are spelled alike, except for the e in then and the a in than. However, telling them apart is not impossible. They have different characteristics: How you define than is definitely not the same as how you define then! They have different personalities in that they function as different parts of speech. Do you feel that you know them better now?
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