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Soil pH, or soil reaction, is a measure of soil acidity or alkalinity and is measured in pH units. Soil pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, with pH 7 being the neutral point. As the amount of hydrogen ions in the soil increases, the pH of the soil decreases, making it more acidic. At a pH between 7 and 0, the soil becomes progressively more acidic, and at a pH between 7 and 14, the soil becomes increasingly alkaline or alkaline. Descriptive terms commonly associated with specific soil pH ranges are: Extremely acidic: < 4.5; lemon = 2.5; vinegar = 3.0; stomach acid = 2.0; Soda = 2-4 Very strong acid: 4.5-5.0; beer=4.5-5.0; Tomatoes = 4.5 Strong acids: 5.1-5.5; carrot = 5.0; asparagus = 5.5; boric acid = 5.2; Cabbage u003d 5.3 Moderately acidic: 5.6-6.0; Potatoes = 5.6 Weak acidity: 6.1-6.5; salmon = 6.2; Cows milk = 6.5 Neutral: 6.6-7.3; saliva = 6.6-7.3; blood = 7.3; Shrimp = 7.0 Some basic: 7.4-7.8; Eggs = 7.6-7.8 Moderately alkaline: 7.9-8.4; seawater = 8.2; sodium bicarbonate = 8.4 Strong alkaline: 8.5-9.0; Borax = 9.0 Very strong alkali: > 9.1; milk of magnesia = 10.5, ammonia = 11.1; Lime=12 Measuring Soil pH Soil pH provides various information about soil properties and is easy to determine. The most accurate way to determine soil pH is to use a pH meter. The second method, simple and easy, but less accurate than using a pH meter, is the use of special indicators or dyes. Many dyes change color when the pH is increased or decreased, thus allowing the estimation of soil pH. When determining soil pH, the sample is dipped in dye for a few minutes and the color is observed. This method is accurate enough for most purposes. Kits (pH) containing the necessary chemicals and color charts are available at garden supply stores. There can be considerable variation in soil pH from one field or lawn to another. To determine the average soil pH of a field or lawn, soil must be collected from several locations and combined into one sample. pH Affects Nutrients, Minerals, and Growth Soil pH has a large effect on the solubility of any mineral or nutrient. Fourteen of the seventeen essential plant nutrients come from the soil. In order for the plants to use the nutrient, it must be dissolved in the soil solution. Most minerals and nutrients are more soluble or available in acidic soils than in neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Phosphorus is never readily soluble in soil, but is most readily available in soil with a pH of about 6.5. Especially and very acidic soils (pH 4.0-5.0) can have high levels of soluble aluminium, iron and manganese, which can be toxic to the growth of some plants. A pH range of about 6 to 7 provides the easiest access to plant nutrients. But some plants, such as azaleas, rhododendrons, blueberries, white potatoes and conifers, tolerate very acidic soil and grow well. In addition, some plants only thrive in slightly acidic or moderately alkaline environments.Soil pH, or soil pH, is an indicator of soil acidity or alkalinity and is measured in pH units. Soil pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 with pH 7 as the neutral point. As the amount of hydrogen ions in the soil increases, the pH of the soil decreases and the soil becomes more acidic. From pH 7 to 0, the soil becomes increasingly acidic, and from pH 7 to 14, the soil becomes increasingly alkaline or alkaline. Descriptive terms commonly associated with certain soil pH ranges are: Highly acidic: <4.5; lemon = 2.5; vinegar = 3.0; stomach acid = 2.0; soda = 2-4 Very strong acid: 4.5-5.0; beer = 4.5-5.0; tomatoes = 4.5 Strong acids: 5.1-5.5; carrot = 5.0; asparagus = 5.5; boric acid = 5.2; Cabbage = 5.3 Medium acid: 5.6-6.0; potatoes = 5.6 Mild acids: 6.1-6.5; salmon = 6.2; cows milk = 6.5 Neutral: 6.6-7.3; saliva = 6.6-7.3; blood = 7.3; shrimp = 7.0 Slightly alkaline: 7.4-7.8; egg = 7.6-7.8 Moderately alkaline: 7.9-8.4; seawater = 8.2; sodium bicarbonate = 8.4 Strongly alkaline: 8.5-9.0; borax = 9.0 Very strongly alkaline: > 9.1; milk of magnesia = 10.5, ammonia = 11.1; lime = 12 Measuring soil pH Soil pH provides a variety of information about soil properties and can be easily determined. The most accurate method of determining soil pH is a pH meter. The second method, simple and easy, but less accurate than using a pH meter, is the use of special indicators or dyes. Many dyes change color as pH increases or decreases, allowing soil pH to be estimated. When determining soil pH, the sample is saturated with dye for a few minutes and the color is observed. This method is accurate enough for most purposes. (pH) kits containing the necessary chemicals and color templates are available at garden stores. Depending on the location on the field or lawn, there can be significant differences in soil pH. To determine the average soil pH in a field or lawn, soil must be taken from several locations and combined into one sample. pH Affects Nutrients, Minerals, and Growth The effect of soil pH greatly affects the solubility of minerals or nutrients. Fourteen of the seventeen essential plant nutrients are obtained from the soil. Before plants can use the nutrient solution, it must be dissolved in the soil solution. Most minerals and nutrients are more soluble or available in acidic soils than in neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Phosphorus is never readily soluble in soil, but is most available in soil with a pH of about 6.5. Particularly and highly acidic soils (pH 4.0-5.0) may have high concentrations of soluble aluminium, iron and manganese, which may be toxic to the growth of some plants. A pH range of about 6 to 7 promotes the most readily available plant nutrients. But some plants, such as azaleas, rhododendrons, blueberries, white potatoes and conifers, tolerate strongly acidic soils and grow well. Some plants thrive only in slightly acidic or moderately alkaline soil

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