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To continue using our website, we ask you to confirm your identity as a human. Thanks for cooperation. King Hrothgar of Denmark, a descendant of the great King Shield Sheafson, enjoys a prosperous and prosperous reign. He builds a great honey hall called Heorot where his warriors can gather to drink, receive gifts from their master, and listen to tales sung by tongues or bards. But Heorots jubilant noise angers Grendel, a terrible demon who lives in the swamps of Hrothgars realm. Grendel terrorizes the Danes every night, killing them and hindering their efforts to defend themselves. The Danes suffer many years of fear, danger and death at the hands of Grendel. Eventually, however, a young Geatic warrior named Beowulf learns of Hrothgars suffering. Inspired by this challenge, Beowulf travels to Denmark with a small group of men determined to defeat Grendel. Hrothgar, who once showed great kindness to Beowulfs father Ecgteow, accepts Beowulfs offer to fight Grendel and holds a festival in the heros honor. During the festival, a jealous Dane named Unfert taunts Beowulf, accusing him of disrespecting his reputation. Beowulf responds by proudly describing some of his earlier achievements. His confidence emboldens the Danish warriors and the party continues merrily into the night. Eventually, however, Grendel arrives. Beowulf fights him unarmed and proves to be stronger than the demon he fears. As Grendel tries to escape, Beowulf rips off the monsters arm. Mortally wounded, Grendel crawls back into the swamp to die. The severed arm is hung high in the honey hall as a trophy of victory. Excited, Hrothgar showered Beowulf with gifts and treasure at a festival held in his honor. Songs are sung in Beowulfs honor and the festivities last long into the night. But another threat is looming. Grendels mother, a swamp witch who lives in a lonely lake, comes to Heorot to avenge her sons death. she killsone of Hrothgars most trusted advisors before the prowl. To avenge Eschers death, the group travels to a dark swamp where Beowulf dives into the water and battles Grendels mother in her underwater cave. He kills him with a sword forged from a giant, then finds Grendels corpse, cuts it up, and gives the head to Hrothgar as a reward. The Danish countryside has been cleared of treacherous monsters. The Danes are ecstatic again, and Beowulfs fame spreads throughout the kingdom. Beowulf departs after a painful farewell to Hrothgar, who treated him like a son. He returns to Geatland, where he and his men are reunited with King and Queen Hygelac and Higda, to whom Beowulf tells of his adventures in Denmark. Beowulf then gives most of his treasure to Hygelac, who in turn rewards him. In time, Hygelak dies in a war with the Shiflings, and after the death of Hygelaks son, Beowulf ascends the throne of Geeta. He rules wisely for fifty years and brings prosperity to Geatland. However, when Beowulf is an old man, a thief disrupts a burial mound containing a large dragon guarding a trove of treasure. The enraged dragon emerges from the barrow and begins to wreak havoc on the Geats. Sensing his impending death, Beowulf goes to fight the dragon. With Wiglafs help, he manages to kill the beast, but at great cost. The dragon bites Beowulf on the neck, and its fiery venom kills him shortly after they meet. The Geats fear that now that Beowulf is dead, their enemies will attack them. In accordance with Beowulfs wishes, they burn the dead kings body on a great pyre and then bury it along with the enormous treasure in a burial mound overlooking the sea. So then. The Danish spearmen of the past and the kings who ruled them were brave and great. (See quotations, p.) The narrator begins the poem with a discussion of Shield Sheafson, the great king of the ancient Danes and the founder of their royal line. Hethe life of a finder (a child abandoned by his parents), but he grew up quickly and became strong and powerful. All clans had to pay their respects to him, and when he died, he was honored with an elaborate funeral ceremony. His body was loaded into a boat, showered with treasures and armor, and thrown into the sea. Shield Shifsons life ended just as it began when he was thrown into the mud. Sifsons son, the famous Beov, inherited the kingdom upon his fathers death. In time, Beow also died, and his son Halfdain became king. Halfdan was followed by Hrothgar to rule the Danes. Under Hrothgars reign, the kingdom prospered and achieved great military success, and Hrothgar decided to build a monument to his success, a banquet hall where he distributed the loot to his vassals. The hall was called Heorot, and there people gathered with their master to drink mead, a drink similar to beer, and to listen to the songs of the bards. For a time, peace and prosperity reigned in the kingdom. But one night, Grendel, a demon descendant of Cain (who, according to the Bible, killed his brother Abel), came out of the swampy swamps to listen to the nightly entertainment in Heorot. The songs of the bards about the land created by God enraged the monster. As soon as the men fell asleep in the banquet hall, Grendel broke in and murdered thirty people. Hrothgars warriors were powerless against him. The next night, Grendel attacked again and ravaged the Danes for twelve years. He has captured Heorot, and Hrothgar and his men are still unable to challenge him. They make sacrifices to pagan temples in hopes of harming Grendel, but their efforts are fruitless. The Danes endure constant terror, and their sufferings are so terrible that news of them spreads widely. Today, Beowulf, nephew of King Hygelac of the Gita, is the worlds greatest hero. He lives in Gitland, a kingdom near Denmark in what is now southern Sweden. When Beowulf hears tales of

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