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Embed Size (px) 344 x 292429 x 357514 x 422599 x 487Page 2Embed Size (px) 344 x 292429 x 357514 x 422599 x 487Slide 19-1 Notes Naming IonsSlide 2Monatomic Ions Ionic compounds consist of a positive ion (ametal) bonded to a negative ion (a nonmetal) Ex. KBr Monatomic ionsconsists of a single atom that has lost or gained electron(s) Ex.Potassium ion lost an electron, while the Bromide ion gained anelectronSlide 3Cations Cations are positively charged ions that occur whenatoms lose electrons The # of electrons lost will correspond to thegroup # on the periodic table Ex. Sodium in group 1 will lose 1electron Naming Cations the name is the same as the element the ionis formed from Ex. Sodium forms the sodium cation Identify thecation of the following elements: Ca, Rb, Al, Li, SrSlide 4Anions Anions are negatively charged ions that occur when atomsgain electrons Nonmetals in groups 5-7 form anions The charge isdetermined by subtracting 8 from the group # Ex. Oxygen is in group6, therefore, 6-8 = -2 Naming Anions the end of the elements namechanges to ide Ex. Bromine forms the Bromide anion Identify theanions of the following elements: P, Se, I, F, NSlide 5Ions of Transition Metals Many of the transition metals formmore than 1 cation The charges must be determined from the numberof electrons lost Ex. Iron can lose 2 electrons and form Fe 2+ orit can lose 3 electrons and form Fe 3+ See Table 9.2 p. 255Slide 6Ions of Transition Metals There are 2 ways to name these ions1. Stock System uses roman numerals to indicate the charge on theion Ex. Fe 2+ is Iron (II) while Fe 3+ is Iron (III) 2. Classicalname uses the Latin form of the element and a suffix to indicatethe charge The suffix ous indicates the lower of the 2 charges Thesuffix ic indicates the higher of the 2 charges Ex. Fe 2+ is theferrous ion while Fe 3+ is the ferric ion A few transition metalsonly form 1 ion and these are named like all other cations Ex.Silver (Ag + ), Zinc (Zn 2+ )Slide 7Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are composed of more than 1atom Ex. Nitrate (NO 3 - ) consists of both nitrogen and oxygen Thenames of most polyatomic ions end in -ite or ate The use of ite orate as the ending usually depends on the # of Oxygen atoms in theion Ex. Nitrate (NO 3 - ) has more oxygen atoms while Nitrite (NO 2- ) has less oxygen atomsSlide 8Polyatomic Ions If the formula for a polyatomic ion begins withan H it includes a H+ The charge is the sum of the two ions Ex.Hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3 - ) is the sum of H + and CO 3 2- Mostpolyatomic ions are negatively charged The 1 exception is NH 4 +which is ammonium See Table 9.3 p. 257Slide 99-2 Notes Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic CompoundsSlide 10Naming Binary Ionic Compounds A binary compound is composed of2 elements and can either be ionic or molecular 1 st step in namingan ionic compound is making sure it is composed of a monatomicmetal cation and a monatomic nonmetal anion When naming, simplyplace the cation name first followed by the anion name Ex. KBr isPotassium bromide, while Na 2 O is sodium oxide When the cation isa transition metal with more than 1 charge, you must indicate whichion is being used Ex. Cu 2 O is Copper (I) oxide, while CuO isCopper (II) oxideSlide 11Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds Step 1: Write thesymbol of the cation and then the anion. Step 2: Add whateversubscripts are needed to balance the charges Make sure thesubscripts are reduced There are two methods to balance charges 1.Find the least common multiple of the charges 2. The crisscrossmethod: the numerical value of the charge of each ion is crossedover and becomes the subscript for the other ion Write the formulasfor the following: Iron (III) oxide and Calcium bromideSlide 12Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Naming ionic compounds withpolyatomic ions is the same as binary compounds Write the cationfirst followed by the anion Name the following: LiCN, AgNO 3, (NH 4) 2 C 2 O 4Slide 13Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Step 1: Write the symbol of thecation and then the anion. Step 2: Add whatever subscripts areneeded to balance the charges Step 3 (if needed): If more than 1polyatomic ion is needed to balance the charges you must useparentheses Ex. Calcium Nitrate Write the formulas for thefollowing: Lithium carbonate & Aluminum nitriteSlide 149-3 Notes Naming and Writing Formulas for MolecularCompoundsSlide 15Review How do we do the following? Name Ionic Compounds Ex.KBr, Na 3 PO 4, Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Write Formulas for Ionic Compounds Ex.Sodium nitride, Ammonium oxide, Copper (II) nitriteSlide 16Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Binary molecular compoundsare composed of molecules, not ions, and consist of 2 nonmetals Dueto various ways of sharing electrons the same elements can be usedto make different compounds Ex. CO and CO 2 How do you name theseso you can tell there is a difference?Slide 17Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes are used torepresent the number of atoms of each element that can be found ina molecular compound The Rules: 1. Confirm the compound ismolecular 2. Name the elements in the order listed in the formula3. Use the appropriate prefix to indicate the # of each element(see table 9.4 p. 269) Exception: Do not use mono- on the 1 stelement 4. Change the ending of the 2 nd element to ide Name thefollowing: CO, CO 2, N 2 O 5, CCl 4Slide 18Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds Step 1: Write thecorrect symbols for the two elements Step 2: Use the prefixes inthe name to determine the subscript of each element in the formulaWrite the formula for the following: Dinitrogen tetraoxide,Dihydrogen monoxide, Phosphorus pentachlorideSlide 199-4 Notes Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and BasesSlide 20Review How do we do the following? Name Ionic Compounds Ex. (NH4 ) 3 PO 4, Cr(NO 2 ) 3 Write Formulas for Ionic Compounds Ex.Potassium sulfate, Iron (III) oxide Name Molecular Compounds Ex. CO2, CCl 4 Write Formulas for Molecular Compounds Ex. BoronTrichloride, Dinitrogen tetrahydrideSlide 21Naming Acids An acid is a compound that contains 1 or morehydrogen atoms and produces H + when dissolved in water The generalform of an acid is H n X n is the subscript indicating how manyHydrogen ions are needed X is the monatomic or polyatomicanionSlide 22Naming Acids The Rules 1. If the anion ends in ide, the acidname will begin with hydro-. The ide will be replaced by ic andfollowed by acid Ex. HCl 2. If the anion ends in ite, the acid nameis the stem of the anion with the suffix ous and followed by acidEx. H 2 SO 3 3. If the anion ends in ate, the acid name is the stemof the anion with the suffix ic and followed by acid Ex. HNO 3 Namethe following: HF, HNO 2, HMnO 4Slide 23Writing Formulas for Acids Use the rules for writing the namesof acids in reverse to write the formulas for acids Remember addsubscripts to balance the formula Ex. Rule 1 Hydrobromic acid Ex.Rule 2 Phosphorous acid Ex. Rule 3 Sulfuric acid Write formulas forthe following: Permanganic acid, Nitrous acid, hydrosulfuricacidSlide 24Bases A base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ionswhen dissolved in water Naming bases and writing formulas is thesame as any other ionic compound Name the following: Ba(OH) 2, KOHWrite the formulas for the following: Strontium hydroxide, Copper(II) hydroxidePage 3Recommended
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