There are 4 key factors that duty holders need to consider during the risk assessment for manual handling:
The task. For example, how long it will take, how frequently it’s carried out, whether it is repetitive, whether it provides sufficient rest or recovery, and if it involves twisting, stooping, or reaching upwards. These can all affect how strenuous the work is.
The individual. Everyone’s physical capabilities and limitations differ due to a number of factors, such as the person’s age or their physical dimensions. Some people may be particularly at risk, such as new or expectant mothers, people with disabilities, and those returning to work from a recent injury. No two people are alike, so employers must ensure they’re protecting everyone from health and safety risks equally by adjusting the work and safety precautions according to their abilities.
The load. If it is oversized or bulky, difficult to grasp, and has a shifting centre of gravity (such as if it contains liquid), then it can be difficult for the person to get a solid grip and hold the load steady. This may result in more strain being placed on the body.
The environment. For example, if there isn’t enough space in the area for the person handling the load to move comfortably, if the floor is bumpy or has variations in levels, or if the person can’t see properly, then the task will be more difficult and therefore more strenuous to carry out. Psychological responses to the work and workplace conditions can also put people at greater risk, such as high workloads, tight deadlines, and lack of control over the work and working methods.

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