A lot of the information you will find will talk about models of leadership, philosophies of leadership and styles of leadership - but what does all of this mean?
A Leadership Model - 
is a structure which contains either processes or logic or a framework, which can be used or applied like a tool, in performing, understanding and teaching leadership. A model is often also shown in some sort of diagram format. There may also be a sense of mechanics or engineering, with inter-related and linked moving parts. In some cases a model may contain measurable elements, sometimes entailing complex relative factors, and may also enable a reasonably consistent measurement or indication of standard, for example, effective versus ineffective leadership.
A Leadership Philosophy - 
Any philosophy, and so too a leadership philosophy, is a way of thinking and behaving. It's a set of values and beliefs. Philosophy is a series of reference points or a foundation upon which processes, decisions, actions, plans, etc., can be built, developed and applied. A leadership philosophy connects leadership with humanity and morality and ethics. This will at some point be influenced by beliefs about human nature and society, and perhaps religion, or universal truth and a sense of fairness and natural justice.
A Leadership Style - 
A leadership style is a more narrow and specific category than a model or a philosophy. In fact, many styles are contained within models as components. A style is a distinct way of behaving. A leadership style tends to contain and is influenced strongly by the purpose or aim of the leadership. It may also be strongly influenced and perhaps determined by the personality of the leader and/or the personality or capability of the followers or group being led, and/or of the situation in which the leader is leading his or her people.
There are a lot of links between these, in that your personal beliefs and values will influence your personal philosophy and therefore your leadership philosophy. This in turn is likely to influence the way you want to lead and therefore the leadership styles you might adopt. And these will therefore influence HOW you are going to lead through a model of leadership (or which model you choose to adopt). Reflecting on this, I think this links also to who we are as health professionals - influenced by our values and beliefs, our personalities and the way we approach our work and our patients - and potentially influences the profession we go into, or the specialism within a particular profession. 
The document below and the two diagrams show you some of the ways that leadership styles are described, and the characteristics of these different styles. Although someone may have a tendency to favour one or two styles of leadership, the best leaders are those that can read the context of the situation and who they are working with, and adopt the appropriate leadership style to suit - being flexible and able to move between styles.

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