Mathematical Basics: Linear Algebra and Trigonometry
The most important topics for starting out in graphics are Linear Algebra and Trigonometry. We usually describe the location of a 3D graphics object according to its x, y and z coordinates. We can then apply the following operations on a 3D object: translate (move), scale (change size), and rotate. Translation and scale are accomplished using addition and multiplication, respectively. Rotation is done using sine and cosine, hence the need for trigonometry. The x, y and z coordinates of an object can be conveniently represented as a 3D vector, and the translate, scale and rotate operations can be described as multiplication by a matrix (of size 3x3 or 4x4). This is one of the reasons that a background in linear algebra is important for starting in graphics. Several other concepts from linear algebra also are useful, including matrix inversion, dot product, and cross product.
Source: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~turk/math_gr_new.html

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