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Percent recovery computes the percentage of an original substance that is recovered after a chemical reaction is completed. These mainly include purification reactions. It also determines their efficiency. This ScienceStruck article explains how to calculate the percent recovery of any purified substance. Percent recovery calculation is mainly applicable to those reactions in which the identity of the substance to be purified remains the same before and after the reaction.In organic chemistry, some elements are purified by performing the process of recrystallization. In this process, a certain elementcompound to be purified is mixed with a hot solvent. Later, the solution is cooled, such that the elementcompound is precipitated. However, note that some amount of the original substance may be lost in this process. This leads to the reduction in the elements actual quantity.There are two cases of percent recovery yield: below 100% and above 100%. The value above 100% is the inaccurate value due to erroneous calculationweighing. The value below 100% is usually the desired value. However, it may slightly vary from the exact value. The reason for this is, some of the original substance may be spilled out or retained in the container that has been used for recrystallization. Thus, the actual amount of the crystallized substance changes.How to Calculate Percent RecoveryWhen we use a certain substance for a reaction, it changes during the course of the reaction. Percent recovery refers to the amount of the original substance retained after the completion of the reaction. In a recrystallization reaction, the original substance is recrystallized, after which, its recovery value can be computed.The values of the initial amount and the final recovered amount of the product are required to calculate percent recovery. Weigh the original amount of the substance. Record the value.Complete the purification process.On purifying the desired material, leave it aside to dry. This can be done by simply placing it at room temperature or mildly heating it.Remember to remove any other material, such as a filter paper, used in the process.Weigh the dried substance and record the value.Compute the value of percent recovery using the formula explained below. The equation for percent recovery is quite simple. All we need to know is the original and final amount of the substance under consideration.Percent recovery = (amount of substance recovered on purification ÷ amount of substance originally taken) × 100It can also be expressed in terms of the purity of substance.Percent recovery = (amount of purified substance ÷ amount of impure substance) × 100 Problem I:11.23 gm of zinc is used as a reactant in a recrystallization reaction. At the end of the reaction, 8.67 gm of zinc is retained in the flask. Calculate the percentage recovery of zinc.Data given:Amount of zinc (original) = 11.23 gmAmount of zinc recovered = 8.67 gm Updated April 30, 2018 By Michael Judge Chemists often encounter lab procedures where some chemical product can be lost. Often these are techniques that involve purification of a product. One common method that can result in losses is recrystallization, where a chemical is first dissolved in a hot solvent and then precipitated out again by cooling the solution, leaving impurities behind. Often, some of the desired chemical remains in solution, resulting in a reduced recovery. You can calculate the percent recovery of such a procedure using the starting and ending weights of the chemical. Weigh the chemical product prior to the purification experiment. Ensure the chemical product resulting from your purification procedure is completely free of any residual solvent that might have been used. If necessary, you can allow the product to sit at room temperature for several days to allow solvent to evaporate or use gentle heating to speed up the process, assuming the product is stable on heating. Weigh the dry product and record the weight. Remember to remove any extra material, such as filter paper that might have been used to catch the product during purification; alternately, subtract the weight of that material. For example, you might have performed the purification by recrystallization of a chemical in a school lab and obtained a dry mass of 2.86 grams. Divide the dry mass of the purified product that you just determined by the mass of the chemical you started with prior to the purification process. Note that the mass of the starting material must be in the same units as the purified product. In the example, if you started with 5.00 grams of your chemical before the recrystallization procedure, you would calculate 2.86 divided by 5.00 to obtain 0.572. Multiply the result of your last calculation by 100. The result is your percent recovery of that chemical for the procedure. For the example, you would multiply 0.572 by 100 and report that you observed a recovery of 57.2 percent. Tips A result of greater than 100 percent recovery means that something has gone wrong. Common reasons for this include a weighing error and failure to thoroughly dry the product.
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