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Directions: Please answer the following questions as best you can. You will be given the same questions after you complete the tour so that you can see how much you have learned. True or False: 1. True — Extinction is common. 2. True — Without variation, evolution cannot happen. 3. True — Millions of years passed between the extinction of dinosaurs and the appearance of the first humans. 4. True — A cladogram is a diagram that shows how a group of organisms might be related to each other. 5. False — All of the plants and animals on Earth have been described by science. Multiple Choice: 6. Of all the species that have ever lived on this planet, how many have gone extinct? a. More than 90% 7. Fossils allow us to learn about: d. All of the above 8. Cladograms are diagrams that show us: a. How organisms are related to one another. 9. If there is a change in the environment, which of the following statements best explains how natural selection works: b. Those organisms that have features that are better adapted to the change in the environment will survive and reproduce. Short Answer: 10. Name three kinds of fossils other than bones and teeth. The answers will vary, but could include shells, tree trunks, leaves, footprints, burrows, pollen, tiny organisms, insects, eggs and nests, etc. Thank you for your participation! Name _____________________________________ http: - Go to Life Hasa History Level 21. How many different species of living things exist today? ___________________2. Which group of animals has the largest number of species? _______________________3. How many mammal species exist today? ______________4. Number the organisms from 1 (most abundant) to 8 (least abundant)____ Mammals ____ Molluscs___ Roundworms ____ Arthropods ____ Flatworms5. What is biodiversity (click on the purple links for definitions): _______________________________6. 470 Million Years Ago (click circle for a closer look at the period)What was the name of the period? ________________________What was the dominant predator? ____________________________What was the first arthropod? ________________________7. 160 Million Years AgoWhat was the name of the period? _____________________________What large marine reptile existed? _____________________________8. How old is the earth? _______________________9. Fill in the blanks of the timeline10. The best source of evidence for determining events in earths history is______________11. What is a paleontologist? __________________________12. Identify three fossils from the image. Name them and point to them withan arrow 13. What features are found in therapods? _____________________________________14. What is a cladogram? ________________________________________15. What is divergence? _____________________________________16. To which animal are the crane and eagle most closely related? _______________________17. What other data (besides physical features) do scientists use to find iforganisms are related? List 3 things. _______________________________________18. What birds on the Galapagos islands were adapted to different regions? ________________19. The beaks of the birds vary with what? ___________________________________20. What would happen if the environment changed and only plants with larger,harder seeds survived.How do you think that might affect the population of Geospizafortis finches? _____________________________________21. What is geographic isolation? _____________________________________________22. Identify the extinct creature. _________________________________________ 23. Name two animals that have gone extinct since humans have been present? ________________________Life Has a History focus questions key Answer the following questions as you navigate through Life Has A History. 1. Of the 30 million species of living things estimated to exist today, how many of them are not animals? 28.5 million of the estimated species of living things are not animals. 2. Find the timeline. How many millions of years did dinosaurs exist on Earth before they became extinct? Dinosaurs existed for roughly 160 million years before they became extinct. 3. Name at least 5 things other than bones that can be preserved as fossils. Shells, tree trunks, footprints, pollen and tiny organisms can also be preserved as fossils. In addition to those shown in the module, students may also mention leaves, skin impressions, burrows, insects, eggs and nests, etc. 4. Explain what divergence is. Divergence is the splitting of one species into two or more descendant species. 5. In your own words, describe what cladograms represent. A cladogram is a branching diagram used to represent evolutionary relationships and patterns of divergence amongst groups of organisms. 6. What types of evidence are used to determine evolutionary relationships? Evolutionary relationships are determined by comparing similarities and differences in morphology, behavior, embryology, DNA and other molecular characteristics. 7. In your own words, explain how Geospiza Fortis is a good example of natural selection. In 1976 a drought killed off the plants that had smaller, more delicate seeds. Only those G. Fortis with a body and bill size large enough to feed on the larger, harder seeds were able to exploit the available seed sources to survive and reproduce. The population of G. Fortis dropped from 1400 to 200. The following year the G. fortis population consisted entirely of individuals with large bills and large bodies. Change had occurred within the population over time due to a changing environment and natural selection. 8. Describe two other mechanisms for evolution in addition to natural selection. Two evolutionary mechanisms in addition to natural selection are genetic mutation (a permanent change in a cells DNA) and geographic isolation (a separation between populations of the same species caused by geographic distance or barriers). 9. Give an example of an animal that has gone extinct because of human influence and explain what happened. Answers will vary.
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