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A burning tongue, or burning mouth syndrome (BMS), is a condition that causes a sensation of burning in the mouth. People with this condition often describe the burn as feeling similar to a hot drink scald. There are several known causes of BMS, but the reason for its onset can be unclear. The treatment will depend on the cause.According to the American Academy of Oral Medicine (AAOM), approximately 2 percent of people in the United States have BMS. It can affect the following parts of the mouth:tonguethe roof of the mouthinside of the cheeksgumslipsIn this article, we look at the causes of a burning tongue and discuss home remedies and medical treatments for BMS.Share on PinterestMirageCGetty ImagesSome people with a burning tongue may have scalded their mouth with a hot drink or piece of food, in which case they do not have BMS.The pain or discomfort of a minor physical burn may remain for several hours or more, but it will typically resolve without treatment.Causes of BMSTrue BMS is believed to be a type of neuropathic pain. It may be primary, meaning that it results from a direct cause, or secondary, which means that the cause is indirect.According to the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, the primary form of BMS results from damage to the nerves that control taste and pain sensations.Secondary BMS may occur because of other medical conditions or treatments, including:Other secondary causes may include a persons habits, such as:biting the tip of the tongue frequentlyconsuming too many acidic foods or drinksgrinding the teeth on a regular basisoverbrushing the tongueoverusing mouthwash or abrasive oral hygiene productswearing ill-fitting denturesIn many cases, the cause of BMS is unclear.The symptoms of BMS, including a burning tongue, may:appear suddenly or develop over timecome and go or remain constantbe mild, moderate, or severeimprove when eating or drinkingBMS commonly affects the tongue, but people may also experience discomfort in the:lipsgumsthroatroof of the mouthinside of the cheeksIt is also possible to have symptoms that affect the whole mouth.Common BMS symptoms include:a burning or scalding sensation in the moutha bitter or metallic tastea dry mouthdifficulty swallowingincreased thirstloss of tasteMany people can find relief by using home remedies, including the following:Take fluids and iceThe pain of BMS sometimes improves when eating or drinking.To alleviate symptoms, people can drink plenty of water and other fluids throughout the day or suck on ice chips.Doing this will also reduce the sensation of dry mouth and may temporarily mask bad tastes.Avoid problematic foods and drinksStrong-tasting or harsh foods and beverages can irritate the mouth. Limiting or avoiding the following foods can be beneficial:acidic foods, such as tomatoes and citrus fruitsacidic drinks, including citrus juices, sodas, and coffeealcohol and products containing alcoholspicy foodsitems containing cinnamon or mint, including herbal teas, candies, and baked goodsChange dental hygiene products and habitsOral health products, including toothpaste and mouthwashes, can irritate the lining of the mouth.It is advisable to use flavor-free toothpaste that is suitable for sensitive teeth and to limit the use of mouthwash.Stopping other oral habits, such as biting the tip of the tongue, may also help.Quit smokingSmoking tobacco can irritate the delicate skin inside the mouth. It is best to avoid all products that contain tobacco to reduce or prevent BMS symptoms.Address medical conditionsSeveral conditions contribute to BMS. People should discuss home remedies and medical treatments for these conditions with a doctor.Controlling the underlying issue may improve symptoms.Reduce stressStress, anxiety, and depression may cause or worsen the symptoms of BMS. In turn, BMS may increase stress levels because it affects a persons quality of life.People with BMS should try to reduce stress and seek help for other mental health issues where possible.Seek supportIt is not always possible to fully alleviate the symptoms of BMS, and some people will need to learn how to manage their discomfort. It can be helpful to seek support and advice from others, including a therapist or a chronic pain support group.Risk factors for BMS include:Sex: According to the AAOM, females are up to seven times more likely to have BMS than males.Age: Older adults have a higher risk of BMS because they are more likely to wear dentures and have other underlying health issues.Being postmenopausal: People who have gone through menopause are more at risk. Researchers estimate that 18 to 33 percent of postmenopausal females have BMS.Other risk factors include:having food allergieswearing dentures or undergoing dental workexperiencing recent illnesstaking certain medicationshaving specific medical conditionsbeing stressed or anxiousBMS does not typically cause complications, but it is possible that people with the condition will experience:anxiety or depressiondifficulty eating or swallowingsleep problemsIndividuals may be able to reduce their risk of BMS by:avoiding tobaccoensuring that dentures fit correctlylimiting or avoiding alcohol and acidic foods and drinksmanaging other health conditionsusing oral hygiene products for sensitive teethThere is no guaranteed way to prevent all cases of BMS.Doctors usually diagnose BMS by ruling out other medical conditions.There is no known cure for primary BMS, but treatment for secondary BMS generally focuses on managing the underlying condition. This treatment may include taking nutritional supplements or medications.People may use the following to manage the pain of primary or secondary BMS: Last medically reviewed on September 29, 2022DiabetesFood AllergyAnxiety StressEar, Nose, and Throat

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