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1st EditionRinehart, Winston and Holt1st EditionMichelle Provost-Craig, Susan J. Hall, William C. Rose1st EditionDoug Fraser, Jeff Major, Maurice DiGiuseppe1st EditionKenneth R. Miller, Levine Thank you for your participation! Activate your 30 day free trial to unlock unlimited reading. 1. Diffusion Through a Membrane Why are we dong this lab? This lab is designed to help us become familiar with the nature of the cell membrane, diffusion, and osmosis. The Lab is divided into two major parts: ? The ﬁrst part involves making a model cell with glucose and starch inside and the placement of this cell into a beaker with iodine. The second part involves the observance of osmosis using red onion cells. To examine each part in more detai or scroll through the pages. Part 1 Part 2 Diffusion Through a Diffusion of Water Across Membrane a Membrane (Osmosis) A. Making The Cell A. Making the Solution B. Testing the Indicators B. Applying the Hypertonic Solution C. Using Indicators to Make a Conclusion C. Applying the Hypotonic Solution 2. Diffusion Through a Part 1 Membrane A. Making The Cell Lets get going After opening the artiﬁcialmembrane, tie off one endand add the glucose andstarch solutions. Tie theother end then mix bygently turning the cell Glucose &upside down repeatedly. Starch after making the cell put it aside for twenty minutes and then observe Place the cell in a beaker then add some iodine se u co rch Gl StaObserve any changes after & 20 minutes Iodine 3. Part 1 Diffusion Through a MembraneB. Testing the Indicators In order determine which substances diffused across the cell membrane well need to use some chemical indicators. Of course we will need an indicator for glucose and Glucose Indicator an indicator for starch. Starch Indicator Lets ﬁgure out how each indicator works. When the glucose When the starch indicator is heated in Positive indicator is in the Positive the presence of presence of starch it glucose it will turn a will turn a dark blue brick red color black color Since we have not used these indicators before it is necessary to verify that it is the combination of the two substances Glucose Starch Glucose Water that will cause the change by testing Starch Water them individually. 4. Part 1 Diffusion Through a MembraneC. Using Indicators to make a conclusion WOW! After 20 minutes we The color changedAt this point we need to observe that the inside of inside the cell. Whatuse our knowledge of theindicators used earlier to the cell has changed color happened? ﬁgure out which molecules and the outside has not.moved across themembrane. The blueblack colorchange indicates that thereis starch inside the celland no starch outside the Glucose indicatorcell. se u co rch Gl Sta & 10 dro ps addWhat about the glucose? Iodine ed to tDid it move across the estcell? In order to ﬁgure this tub eout we need to test theliquid outside the cell forglucose using the indicator Ten drops are removed and added to a test tube with glucose indicator and then heated. The Blue solution should turn brick red if the glucose is outside the cell. 5. Part 2 Diffusion of Water Across a Membrane (Osmosis) A. Making the Solution A solution has two parts: the solvent and solute solute solvent 10g 10 ml We measured out 10g of salt and added it to 10ml of water. This is a hypertonic solution compared to the solution of the cytoplasm Solution More solute = hypertonic Solutions can be: Hyper-tonic If we say a solution is hyper, hypo, or isotonic we must Hypo-tonic compare it to another solution. Iso-tonic Hyper = Above Hypo = Below Iso = Equal The preﬁxes refer to the amount of solute in the solution 6. Diffusion of Water Across Part 2 a Membrane (Osmosis) B. Applying the Hypotonic Solution More solute = hypertonic The hypertonic (saltwater) solution is addedto the slide Water leaves the cellsC. Applying the Hypotonic Solution Less solute = hypotonic The hypotonic(distilled water)solution is added to theslide Water enters the cells 7. Diffusion of Water AcrossPart 2 a Membrane (Osmosis) Summary The key to understanding which way water will move is to ﬁgure out where the highest concentration of water is. It will ﬂow from high to low concentration. Simply locate the area where the percentage of water is greatest - this is where the percentage of solute is lowest. Pure (distilled) water is 100% water and 0% solute You can see why the more salt you add to a solution the faster the water will leave the cell. As we add salt (solute) to a solution we decrease the percentage of water. 10% Salt 90% water Red Onion Cell on a slide 15% Salt 85% water added after several minutes water leaves the cell 0% Salt 100% water added
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