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Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent object. It is an important part of OOPs (Object Oriented programming system).The idea behind inheritance in Java is that you can create new classes that are built upon existing classes. When you inherit from an existing class, you can reuse methods and fields of the parent class. Moreover, you can add new methods and fields in your current class also.Inheritance represents the IS-A relationship which is also known as a parent-child relationship.Why use inheritance in java Terms used in InheritanceClass: A class is a group of objects which have common properties. It is a template or blueprint from which objects are created.Sub ClassChild Class: Subclass is a class which inherits the other class. It is also called a derived class, extended class, or child class. Super ClassParent Class: Superclass is the class from where a subclass inherits the features. It is also called a base class or a parent class.Reusability: As the name specifies, reusability is a mechanism which facilitates you to reuse the fields and methods of the existing class when you create a new class. You can use the same fields and methods already defined in the previous class. The syntax of Java Inheritanceclass Subclass-name extends Superclass-name methods and fieldsThe extends keyword indicates that you are making a new class that derives from an existing class. The meaning of extends is to increase the functionality.In the terminology of Java, a class which is inherited is called a parent or superclass, and the new class is called child or subclass. Java Inheritance ExampleAs displayed in the above figure, Programmer is the subclass and Employee is the superclass. The relationship between the two classes is Programmer IS-A Employee. It means that Programmer is a type of Employee.class Employee float salary=40000;class Programmer extends Employee int bonus=10000; public static void main(String args) Programmer p=new Programmer(); System.out.println(Programmer salary is:+p.salary); System.out.println(Bonus of Programmer is:+p.bonus);Test it Now Programmer salary is:40000.0 Bonus of programmer is:10000In the above example, Programmer object can access the field of own class as well as of Employee class i.e. code reusability.Types of inheritance in javaOn the basis of class, there can be three types of inheritance in java: single, multilevel and hierarchical.In java programming, multiple and hybrid inheritance is supported through interface only. We will learn about interfaces later.Note: Multiple inheritance is not supported in Java through class.When one class inherits multiple classes, it is known as multiple inheritance. For Example: Single Inheritance ExampleWhen a class inherits another class, it is known as a single inheritance. In the example given below, Dog class inherits the Animal class, so there is the single inheritance.File: TestInheritance.javaclass Animalvoid eat()System.out.println(eating...);class Dog extends Animalvoid bark()System.out.println(barking...);class TestInheritancepublic static void main(String args)Dog d=new Dog();d.bark();d.eat();Output: Multilevel Inheritance ExampleWhen there is a chain of inheritance, it is known as multilevel inheritance. As you can see in the example given below, BabyDog class inherits the Dog class which again inherits the Animal class, so there is a multilevel inheritance.File: TestInheritance2.javaclass Animalvoid eat()System.out.println(eating...);class Dog extends Animalvoid bark()System.out.println(barking...);class BabyDog extends Dogvoid weep()System.out.println(weeping...);class TestInheritance2public static void main(String args)BabyDog d=new BabyDog();d.weep();d.bark();d.eat();Output:weeping...barking...eating... Hierarchical Inheritance ExampleWhen two or more classes inherits a single class, it is known as hierarchical inheritance. In the example given below, Dog and Cat classes inherits the Animal class, so there is hierarchical inheritance.File: TestInheritance3.javaclass Animalvoid eat()System.out.println(eating...);class Dog extends Animalvoid bark()System.out.println(barking...);class Cat extends Animalvoid meow()System.out.println(meowing...);class TestInheritance3public static void main(String args)Cat c=new Cat();c.meow();c.eat();c.bark();C.T.ErrorOutput: Q) Why multiple inheritance is not supported in java?To reduce the complexity and simplify the language, multiple inheritance is not supported in java. Consider a scenario where A, B, and C are three classes. The C class inherits A and B classes. If A and B classes have the same method and you call it from child class object, there will be ambiguity to call the method of A or B class.Since compile-time errors are better than runtime errors, Java renders compile-time error if you inherit 2 classes. So whether you have same method or different, there will be compile time error.class Avoid msg()System.out.println(Hello);class Bvoid msg()System.out.println(Welcome);class C extends A,Bsuppose if it were public static void main(String args) C obj=new C(); obj.msg();Now which msg() method would be invoked?Test it Now Next TopicAggregation in java (HAS-A)
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