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1. Structure and function Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 2. The theory of the cell says that... 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living organisms. 3. New cells are only created from existing cells. 3. Cells have different types. 4. They are two different cell types with STRUCTURAL differences. Prokaryotes Bacteria Plant eukaryotes 5. Characteristics of prokaryotes: 1. They do not have a cell nucleus and their genetic material is not stored in the nucleus. 2. They have some organelles (structures), but not many. 3. They are less complicated than eukaryotes. 4. All bacteria are prokaryotes. 5. Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multicellular. 6. Characteristics of eukaryotes: 1. They all have a nucleus in which the genetic material of the cell is stored. 2. They have many organelles that work together to support cell function. 7. Other properties of eukaryotes: 3. Eukaryotic cells are much more complex than prokaryotic cells. 4. They can be just one cell or form more complex multicellular organisms. 5. All plants, animals, fungi and protists are eukaryotic cells. 8. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells In general, microbes or microorganisms can be prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (protists, fungi and some animals). 9. Properties Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacterial species (monerans) protists, fungi, plants and unicellular animals mostly multicellular (except some protists) cell size small (0.1-10 µm) larger (10-100 µm) no membrane-bound organelles reproduction asexual asexual and sex circular DNA linear proteins doc. with DNA basic histone plasma membrane no sterols sterols ribosomes 70S 80S no cytoskeleton Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in several ways, including: 10. Shared organelles Both cells contain the following structures: 1. cell wall 2. cell membrane 3. ribosomes 4. membrane plasma cell 5. cytoplasm 6. flagella or cilia 7. nucleus 8. mitochondria 9. vacuoles 11. cell wall - walls *In a plant cell, the cell wall supports and protects the cell. Cell walls are rigid and inflexible. They help plant cells to maintain themselves. An animal cell does not have a cell wall. 12. Assembly functions of cell membrane structure elements include barrier transport (known diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport) recognition (e.g. self or non-self) uptake (for protein hormones) adhesion 13. Ribosome structure functions of rRNA proteins site of protein formation (Translation) Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (structurally different). 15. Protoplasm or cytoplasm is a thick gelatinous solution in the cell membrane, which is the main site of biochemical and synthetic processes of the cell. The following elements are found in the protoplasm of prokaryotic organisms1. Structure and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. The cell theory states that.... 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic elements and functions of all living things. 3. New cells are created only from existing cells. 3. Cells have different variants. 4. They are two different types of cells with STRUCTURAL differences. Prokaryotes Bacteria Eukaryotes Animals Plants 5. Characteristics of Prokaryotes: 1. They do not have a nucleus and their genetic material is not stored in the nucleus. 2. They have some organelles (structures), but they are few. 3. They are less complex than eukaryotes. 4. All bacteria are prokaryotes. 5. Most of them are unicellular but some prokaryotes are multicellular. 6. Characteristics of eukaryotes: 1. All of them have a nucleus in which the genetic material of the cell is stored. 2. They have many organelles that work together to keep the cell functioning. 7. Other characteristics of eukaryotes: 3. Eukaryotic cells are much more complex than prokaryotic cells. 4. They can consist of a single cell or form more complex multicellular organisms. 5. All plants, animals, fungi and protists are eukaryotic cells. 8. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells In general, microbes or microorganisms can be either prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (protozoa, fungi and some animals). 9. Characteristics Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Types Bacteria (Monerane) Protists, fungi, plants and animals Organization unicellular mostly multicellular (except some protists) cell size small (0.1-10 µm) larger (10-100 µm) membrane-bound organelles absent reproduction asexual asexual and sexual circular linear protein DNA association. with DNA Core histone Plasma membrane No sterols sterols Ribosomes 70S 80S Cytoskeleton None Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in several ways, including but not limited to: 10. Common organelles Both cells have the following structures: 1. cell wall 2. cell membrane. 3. ribosomes 4. Plasma membrane 5. Cytoplasm 6. Flagella or cilia 7. Nucleus 8. Mitochondria 9. Vacuoles 11. Cell wall - Walls * In a plant cell, the cell wall supports and protects the cell. Cell walls are rigid and inflexible. They help the plant cell to maintain itself. An animal cell does not have a cell wall. 12. Cell Membrane The assembly functions of cell membrane structural components include barrier transport (known diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport) recognition (eg self or foreign) sensing (for protein hormones) protein formation adhesion ( Translation) Occurs both in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (structurally different) 14. Cytoplasm – gel in the center Cytoplasm in the cell is a gel-like liquid that fills all the empty space in the cell. 15. Protoplasm or cytoplasm is a thick gel-like solution inside the cell membrane, which is the main site of biochemical and synthetic processes in the cell. Prokaryotic protoplasm contains the following

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