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The most difficult part when working with dates is to be sure that the format of the date you are trying to insert,matches the format of the date column in the database. As long as your data contains only the date portion, your queries will work as expected. However, if a time portion is involved, it gets more complicated. SQL Date Data TypesMySQL comes with the following data types for storing a date or a datetime value in the database: DATE - format YYYY-MM-DD DATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TIMESTAMP - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS YEAR - format YYYY or YYSQL Server comes with the following data types for storing a date or a datetime value in the database: DATE - format YYYY-MM-DD DATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS SMALLDATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TIMESTAMP - format: a unique numberNote: The date types are chosen for a column when you create a new table in your database! SQL Working with DatesLook at the following table:Orders TableOrderIdProductNameOrderDate1Geitost2008-11-112Camembert Pierrot2008-11-093Mozzarella di Giovanni2008-11-114Mascarpone Fabioli2008-10-29 Now we want to select the records with an OrderDate of 2008-11-11 from the table above.We use the following SELECT statement:SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate=2008-11-11 The result-set will look like this:OrderIdProductNameOrderDate1Geitost2008-11-113Mozzarella di Giovanni2008-11-11Note: Two dates can easily be compared if there is no time component involved! Now, assume that the Orders table looks like this (notice the added time-component in the OrderDate column):OrderIdProductNameOrderDate1Geitost2008-11-11 13:23:442Camembert Pierrot2008-11-09 15:45:213Mozzarella di Giovanni2008-11-11 11:12:014Mascarpone Fabioli2008-10-29 14:56:59 If we use the same SELECT statement as above:SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate=2008-11-11we will get no result! This is because the query is looking only for dates with no time portion. Tip: To keep your queries simple and easy to maintain, do not use time-components in your dates, unless you have to! NOW(): Returns the current date and time. Example:SELECT NOW(); Output:2017-01-13 08:03:52 CURDATE(): Returns the current date. Example:SELECT CURDATE(); Output:2017-01-13 CURTIME(): Returns the current time. Example:SELECT CURTIME(); Output:08:05:15 DATE(): Extracts the date part of a date or datetime expression. Example:For the below table named TestIdNameBirthTime4120Pratik1996-09-26 16:44:15.581SELECT Name, DATE(BirthTime) AS BirthDate FROM Test; Output:NameBirthDatePratik1996-09-26EXTRACT(): Returns a single part of a datetime. Syntax:EXTRACT(unit FROM date); There are several units that can be considered but only some are used such as:MICROSECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, etc.And date is a valid date expression.Example:For the below table named TestIdNameBirthTime4120Pratik1996-09-26 16:44:15.581QueriesSELECT Name, Extract(DAY FROM BirthTime) AS BirthDay FROM Test; Output:SELECT Name, Extract(YEAR FROM BirthTime) AS BirthYear FROM Test; Output:SELECT Name, Extract(SECOND FROM BirthTime) AS BirthSecond FROM Test; Output:DATE_ADD() : Adds a specified time interval to a dateSyntax:DATE_ADD(date, INTERVAL expr type); Where, date – valid date expression and expr is the number of interval we want to add.and type can be one of the following:MICROSECOND, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR, etc.Example:For the below table named TestIdNameBirthTime4120Pratik1996-09-26 16:44:15.581QueriesSELECT Name, DATE_ADD(BirthTime, INTERVAL 1 YEAR) AS BirthTimeModified FROM Test; Output:NameBirthTimeModifiedPratik1997-09-26 16:44:15.581SELECT Name, DATE_ADD(BirthTime, INTERVAL 30 DAY) AS BirthDayModified FROM Test; Output:NameBirthDayModifiedPratik1996-10-26 16:44:15.581SELECT Name, DATE_ADD(BirthTime, INTERVAL 4 HOUR) AS BirthHourModified FROM Test; Output:NameBirthSecondPratik1996-10-26 20:44:15.581DATEDIFF(): Returns the number of days between two dates.Syntax:DATEDIFF(date1, date2); date1 & date2- datetime expression Example:SELECT DATEDIFF(2017-01-13,2017-01-03) AS DateDiff; Output:DATE_FORMAT(): Displays datetime data in different formats.Syntax:DATE_FORMAT(date,format); date is a valid date and format specifies the output format for the datetime. The formats that can be used are:%a-Abbreviated weekday name (Sun-Sat)%b-Abbreviated month name (Jan-Dec)%c-Month, numeric (0-12)%D-Day of month with English suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd)%d-Day of month, numeric (00-31)%e-Day of month, numeric (0-31)%f-Microseconds (000000-999999)%H-Hour (00-23)%h-Hour (01-12)%I-Hour (01-12)%i-Minutes, numeric (00-59)%j-Day of year (001-366)%k-Hour (0-23)%l-Hour (1-12)%M-Month name (January-December)%m-Month, numeric (00-12)%p-AM or PM%r-Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM or PM)%S-Seconds (00-59)%s-Seconds (00-59)%T-Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)%U-Week (00-53) where Sunday is the first day of week%u-Week (00-53) where Monday is the first day of week%V-Week (01-53) where Sunday is the first day of week, used with %X%v-Week (01-53) where Monday is the first day of week, used with %x%W-Weekday name (Sunday-Saturday)%w-Day of the week (0=Sunday, 6=Saturday)%X-Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of week, four digits, used with %V%x-Year for the week where Monday is the first day of week, four digits, used with %v%Y-Year, numeric, four digits%y-Year, numeric, two digitsExample:DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),%d %b %y) Result:13 Jan 17
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