Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download
скачатьIn the oil and gas industry, a well is drilled into the earth and extends into a reservoir. The reservoir is usually separated from the surface by layers of rock which are impermeable to oil and gas, and which are usually referred to as strata. These layers of rock are generally separated by layers of porous rock. The porous rock contains natural fractures and permeable zones which permit the oil and gas to migrate towards the well, and the wells are lined with casing in order to provide a barrier to the permeable zones. In order to stimulate production in the oil and gas well, a series of casing perforations are made in the casing by electrical discharge machining (EDM), detonating a shaped explosive charge. The shaped charge is a conical shaped hollow metal projectile which is designed to detonate in a particular pattern to perforate the casing. The shaped charge is propelled into the casing by the explosive charge by firing an electrical impulse through the charge.
In the oil and gas industry, in order to determine the productivity of a particular zone of the well, it is often necessary to obtain information on the production characteristics of the zone.
It is possible to obtain information from the well on the production characteristics of a particular zone by lowering a gamma ray or neutron radiation detector into the well, and then allowing the detector to remain in the well for a sufficiently long period of time to permit the detector to complete a sufficiently large number of neutron or gamma ray emissions to obtain a reliable indication of the production characteristics of the zone.
To reduce the cost and time of obtaining such information, it has been proposed that such information be obtained automatically by detonating shaped charges at a desired depth, thus causing a number of perforations to be made at the desired depth in the well. For example, a shaped charge perforator with a suitable shaped charge will perforate a number of casing sections in a predetermined sequence, thus creating a number of windows at a predetermined depth in the well. The well may be checked to determine the production characteristics of the zone by lowering a neutron or gamma ray radiation detector into the well to detect neutron or gamma radiation emanating from the perforations caused by the shaped charge perforator. If the number of emissions that the detector detects is large, then this indicates that there is a good production flow from the zone of the well.
Some problems arise in the use of such a perforator, however. First, it is necessary to set a detonation
44926395d7

Xf Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download , Xforce Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download 2020, Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download 2018 , Xf Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download 2021 , Xf Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download Windows 11 2019 Windows 11
Related links:

Macroeconomics Theory And Policy Hl Ahuja Pdf Download [Updated] 2022