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Written by contributors to the WebMD editorial team. Medical Reviewed by James Beckerman, MD, FACC on August 6, 2021 Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pressure against the walls of blood vessels. The heart pumps blood into blood vessels, which distribute blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is dangerous because it forces the heart to pump blood around the body harder and contributes to hardening of the arteries or atherosclerosis, stroke, kidney disease and heart failure. The blood pressure value is written as follows: 12080. It reads 120 over 80. The top number is called systolic and the bottom number is called diastolic. The ranges are: Normal: Less than 120 Above 80 (12080) Elevated: 120-129Less than 80 Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-13980-89 Stage 2 Hypertension: 140 and Above90 and Above Hypertensive Crisis: over 180over 120 - see your doctor immediately If your blood pressure is above the normal range, talk to your doctor about ways to lower it. The exact causes of high blood pressure are unknown, but there can be several things. Role including: Smoking Overweight or obesity Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Excessive alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential hypertension In 95% of hypertension cases in the US, the cause cannot be found. This form of high blood pressure is known as essential hypertension. Although essential hypertension remains a mystery, it is associated with certain risk factors. High blood pressure runs in families and affects men more often than women. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, black women are twice as likely to have high blood pressure as white women, although the gap begins to narrow after age 44. After the age of 65, black women have the highest blood pressure. Diet and lifestyle also have a major impact on essential hypertension. The link between salt and high blood pressure is particularly compelling. People living in the northern islands of Japan eat more salt per capita than anyone else in the world and have the highest incidence of essential hypertension. Most people with high blood pressure are salt sensitive, meaning anything in excess of the bodys minimum salt requirements is too much for them and will raise their blood pressure. Other factors that can increase the risk of essential hypertension are obesity; Diabetes; emphasize; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium and magnesium; lack of physical activity; and chronic alcohol use. Secondary Hypertension When a direct cause of high blood pressure can be identified, the condition is referred to as secondary hypertension. Among the known causes of secondary hypertension, kidney disease ranks first. The stomach can also cause high blood pressureWritten by WebMD Editors Medical Review by James Beckerman, MD, FACC, August 6, 2021 Blood pressure is a measure of how hard blood is pushing against the walls of blood vessels. The heart pumps blood into the blood vessels that carry blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood around the body and contributes to hardening of the arteries or atherosclerosis, stroke, kidney disease, and heart failure. written like this: 12080. It says 120 times 80. The top number is called systolic and the bottom number is called diastolic. Ranges: Normal: less than 120 more than 80 (12080) Elevated: 120-129 less than 80 Hypertension 1 degree: 130-139 80-89 Hypertension 2 degrees: 140 and above 90 and above Hypertensive crisis: more than 180 more 120 - Seek medical attention immediately. If your blood pressure is higher than normal, talk to your doctor about ways to lower it. The exact causes of high blood pressure are unknown, but several factors may play a role, including: smoking being overweight or obese being sedentary too much salt in your diet drinking too much alcohol (more than 1-2 drinks a day) stress old age genetics high blood pressure chronic kidney disease runs in the family Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Primary hypertension In 95% of cases of hypertension in the United States, no cause can be found. This type of high blood pressure is called essential hypertension. Although essential hypertension remains somewhat mysterious, it is associated with several risk factors. High blood pressure is inherited and is more common in men than women. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, blacks are twice as likely to have high blood pressure than whites, although the difference starts to narrow after age 44. After age 65, black women have the most cases of high blood pressure. Essential hypertension is also highly dependent on diet and lifestyle. The link between salt and high blood pressure is particularly compelling. People living in the northern islands of Japan consume more salt per capita than anyone else in the world and have the highest incidence of essential hypertension. Most people with high blood pressure are salt sensitive, which means that anything that exceeds the bodys minimum salt requirement is too much for them and raises their blood pressure. Other factors that may increase the risk of developing essential hypertension are obesity; Diabetes; emphasize; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium and magnesium; physical inactivity; and chronic alcohol use. Secondary hypertension When the immediate cause of high blood pressure can be identified, it is called secondary hypertension. Among the known causes of secondary hypertension, kidney disease ranks first. High blood pressure can also be caused by tumors.
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