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A phase of sleep characterized by random and rapid eye movements. Sample hypnogram (sleep electroencephalogram) showing sleep cycles characterized by progressive paradoxical (REM) sleep. EEG of mice showing that REM sleep is characterized by a pronounced theta rhythm. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, or REMS) is a unique stage of sleep in mammals and birds, characterized by random rapid eye movements, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and vivid dreaming. The REM stage is also known as paradoxical sleep (RP) and sometimes desynchronized sleep or dream sleep 1 due to physiological similarities with waking states, including rapid low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. The electrical and chemical activity that governs this phase appears to originate in the brainstem and is characterized primarily by high levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, along with an almost complete absence of the monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.2 The feeling of REM sleep. they are not converted into permanent memory due to the lack of norepinephrine.3 REM sleep is physiologically different from other stages of sleep, which are collectively called non-REM sleep (non-REM sleep, NREMS, synchronized sleep). Lack of visual and auditory stimulation (sensory deprivation) during REM sleep causes a brain state similar to hallucinations. 90 minutes for adults. As sleep cycles continue, they move into more REM sleep. The transition to REM sleep causes significant physical changes, starting with electrical discharges called pontogenic-occipital waves (PGO waves) that occur in the brainstem. REM sleep occurs 4 times in a 7-hour sleep period.5 Organisms suspend central homeostasis in REM sleep, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and circulation that do not occur in any other mode of sleep or wakefulness. The body suddenly loses muscle tone, a condition known as REM sleep atonia. In 1953, Professor Nathaniel Kleitmans and his student Yevgeniis Aserinskis identified rapid eye movement and linked it to dreams. REM sleep has been described in more detail by researchers including William Dement and Michel Jouvet. Many experiments involve waking subjects whenever they begin to enter the REM phase, creating a condition known as REM deprivation. In individuals who are allowed to return to normal sleep, REM recovery is usually small. Neurosurgery, chemical injections, electroencephalography, positron emission tomography, and waking dream reports have been used to study this stage of sleep.7 Physiology Brain electrical activity REM sleep polysomnographic recording. The EEG is marked with a red frame. Eye movement is highlighted with a red line. REM sleep is considered paradoxical because it is similar to waking.Sleep phase characterized by random and rapid eye movements Sample hypnogram (electroencephalogram during sleep) of sleep cycles characterized by progressive paradoxical sleep (REM). EEG of mice showing that REM sleep is characterized by a pronounced theta rhythm tilt sleep The REM stage is also known as REM sleep (RP) and sometimes desynchronized sleep or sleep 1 because of its physiological similarity to wakeful states, including fast, low voltage, unsynchronized brain waves. The electrical and chemical activity that regulates this phase appears to originate from the brainstem and is primarily characterized by high levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with an almost complete absence of the monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. 2 REM sleep experience. they are not transformed into permanent memory due to the lack of norepinephrine 3. REM sleep is physiologically distinct from other stages of sleep, which are collectively referred to as non-REM sleep (non-REM sleep, NREMS, synchronized sleep). The lack of visual and auditory stimulation (sensory deprivation) during REM sleep causes a hallucinatory-like brain state. 90 minutes for adults. As sleep cycles continue, they shift towards more REM sleep. The transition to REM sleep causes significant physical changes, starting with electrical discharges called occipital pons waves (PGO waves) emanating from the brainstem. REM sleep occurs 4 times per 7 hours of sleep 5. Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing for large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and circulation that are not found in any other sleep or wake patterns. The body suddenly loses muscle tone, a condition known as REM sleep atony. 2 6 In 1953, Professor Nathaniel Kleitman and his student Eugene Aserinsky identified rapid eye movement and associated it with dreams. REM sleep has been further described by scientists including William Dement and Michel Jouvet. Many of the experiments involved waking up subjects each time they began to go into REM, creating a state known as REM deprivation. People who are allowed to sleep usually experience a slight rebound in REM sleep. Neurosurgery, chemical injection, electroencephalography, positron emission tomography, and waking sleep reports have been used to study this sleep stage 7. Physiology Electrical activity of the brain Polysomnographic recording of REM sleep. The EEG is marked with a red frame. Eye movement is underlined with a red line. REM sleep is considered paradoxical due to its resemblance to wakefulness.

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