Analisi Matematica 2 Giusti Pdf 184
Category:FractalsRegulation of L-selectin and CD44 in endothelial cells on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
The response of the endothelial cell surface ligands L-selectin and CD44 to the agonists 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) and forskolin was studied in bovine aortic endothelial cells using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. A striking similarity in pattern of induction of L-selectin was seen: 1,25D and forskolin were both more effective in inducing L-selectin than the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which by itself stimulated L-selectin expression. The time courses for the induction of CD44 and L-selectin were also similar: 1,25D was a more potent inducer of CD44 and L-selectin than was forskolin. When endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of 1,25D, a time-dependent phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) p42/p44 was observed. A similar increase in MAP kinase activity was also seen in cells treated with forskolin or TPA, although the p42/p44 phosphorylation was of longer duration and was observed in 1,25D- and forskolin-treated cells at later time points. Similar levels of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolite, cAMP, were generated in cells treated with 1,25D, forskolin, or TPA. The cAMP analogue, 8-Br-cAMP, partially mimicked the effects of 1,25D and forskolin on L-selectin and CD44, suggesting that cAMP may be involved in the mechanism by which 1,25D regulates these two endothelial cell ligands. The response of cells to 1,25D was additive with that seen in response to TPA, suggesting that the cAMP-independent and cAMP-dependent mechanisms are also additive. These results indicate that 1,25D regulates CD44 and L-selectin in a similar fashion. The response of endothelial cells to 1,25D is time dependent and
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